the history of the city stretches back over 2000 years. the area first appears as the ancient capital of kalinga during 4th century bc. sisupalgarh was a major fort during the ancient period. bhubaneswar was the center of temple building in the kalinga style from 4th to 13th century. during the middle ages famous temples like lingaraj, rajarani, mukteswar and parsurameswar etc were built in bhubaneswar. the somavamsi and kesari kings were the main builders of the prominent and historical structures of bhubaneswar. the gangas were responsible for promoting vaisnavism in odisha. during their rule a predominantly saiva city engulfed vishnu worship. shiva temples accepted vaisnavism practices and names.